Biography: After his retirement at age 70 in 1991 as Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Dr. Ginzel continued his tobacco control activities in a wide variety of areas. Dr. Ginzel has conducted extensive research on nicotine, prompting an invitation to serve as senior scientific reviewer of the Surgeon General's 1988 report on nicotine addiction. In 1991, he was nominated for the Alton Ochsner Award Relating Smoking and Health. He has served as an expert witness on behalf of plaintiffs in several law suits against tobacco companies. Dr. Ginzel served on the Advisory Board of Stop Teenage Addiction to Tobacco and from 1989-2006, was a member of the Scientific and Policy Advisory Board of the American Council on Science and Health.

Conflicts of Interest: None (no present or past funding from tobacco companies or pharmaceutical companies).